. 2023 Mar 12;12(3):704. doi: 10.3390/antiox12030704

Table 4.

Epidemiological Studies: dietary polyphenol intake and cancer risk (Adapted from [95]).

Polyphenols	Cancer	Risk Estimates (95% CI)
Flavonoids	Breast cancer	flavonols 0.88 (0.80–0.98) # flavones 0.83 (0.76–0.91) # no significant association for total flavonoids or other subclasses #
	Colorectal cancer	no significant association ^§
	Colorectal cancer	0.59 (0.35–0.99) *
	Gastric cancer	0.33 (0.15–0.73) *
	Gastric cancer	no significant association *
	Lung cancer	0.63 (0.47–0.85) *
	Prostate cancer	total catechin 0.73 (0.57–0.95) ^§ epicatechin 0.74 (0.57–0.95) ^§ kaempferol 0.78 (0.61–1.00) ^§ myricetin 0.71 (0.55–0.91) ^§
Flavanols	Breast cancer	0.81 (0.67–0.97) ^§
Flavanols	Hepatocellular carcinoma	0.62 (0.33–0.99) ^§
Isoflavones	Breast cancer	0.68 (0.52–0.89) #
Isoflavones	Colorectal cancer	0.76 (0.59–0.98) #

case-control study *. cohort study ^§. meta-analysis #.