ATP	adenosine triphosphate
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
mtDNA	mitochondrial DNA
ROS	reactive oxygen species
MS	metabolic syndrome
T2DM	type II diabetes mellitus
NADH	reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
FADH2	reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide
TCA	tricarboxylic acid
ETC	electron transport chain
UQ	ubiquinone
UQH2	ubiquinol
Q-	semi-quinone radical ion Q-
Hs	heavy strand
Ls	light strand
NCR	non-coding region
D-loop	displacement loop
OH	origin of heavy-strand synthesis
HSP	heavy-strand promoter
LSP	light-strand promoter
TLR9	toll-like receptor 9
TOM	translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane
TIM	translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Mfn	mitofusins
OPA1	optic atrophy 1 protein
Drp1	dynamin-related protein 1
Fis1	fission protein
PGC-1α	proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α
NRF	nuclear respiratory factor
TFAmt	mitochondrial transcription factor
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
SIRT1	silent information regulator 1
O2•−	superoxide radical anions
H2O2	hydrogen peroxide
MAO	monoamine oxidase
1O2	singlet oxygen
OH•	hydroxyl radical
HOO•	hydroperoxyl radical
NO•	nitric oxide
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
NOS	nitric oxide synthases
GLUT4	glucose transporter 4
EXT	exostosin
NAC	N-acetylcysteine
COQ10	coenzyme Q10
MitoQ	mitoquinone
MitoE	mitovitamin E
TPP+	triphenylphosphonium cation