| IVD | Intervertebral Disc |
| MBS | Multibody Simulation |
| FEM | Finite Element Method |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
| DoF | Degrees of Freedom |
| BC | Boundary Conditions |
| FSU | Functional Spine Unit |
| ROM | Range of Motion |
| CAD | Computer-aided Design |
| STS | Sit-to-Stand |
| CoR | Center of Rotation |
| RP | Reference Point |
| ODE | Ordinary Differential Equation |
| VHM | Visible Human Male |
| CS | Coordinate Split |
| MSD | Multibody System Dynamics |