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Effect of ddC on protein expression of phospho-p44/42 MAPK (A) and phospho-p38 MAPK (B) in spinal cords of male and female BALB/c mice on the 7th day after first drug treatment. Each box and whisker plot was obtained from six to eight mice. * p < 0.05 compared to control vehicle-treated female mice (Mann-Whitney U test) and (Unpaired Student’s t-test) for male phospho-p44/42 MAPK.
