Table 1.

List of the plasma membrane ion channels involved in bone remodeling and their role in physio-pathological processes; ↑: increased, ↓: decreased. OS: Oxidative Stress. MSC: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, CAF: Cancer Associated Fibroblasts, mpkCCDc14: mouse cortical collecting duct cells.

Protein	Mechano	pH	OS	Cell Types	Physiological Process	Ref.
Piezo1	X			MSC	↑ osteoblast differentiation	[17]
					↓ adipogenic differentiation
					↓ osteoporosis	[18]
	X			osteoblast	↑ osteoblast differentiation	[19]
					mechanotransductive processes
	X			osteocyte	↑ osteogenesis	[20]
					mechanotransductive processes
				chondrocyte (in vivo mouse model)	↑ cartilage degradation	[19]
		X		HEK (transfected)		[21]
TRPV4	X			MSC	↑ osteogenesis	[22]
	X				mechanotransductive processes	[23]
		X			↓ osteoblast differentiation	[24]
	X			osteoblast	mechanotransductive processes	[25,26]
	X			osteoclast	↑ osteoclast survival	[27]
	X	X			↑ osteoclast differentiation	[28,29]
	X		X	osteocyte	↑ osteogenesis	[30]
	X				mechanotransductive processes	[31]
	X		X	chondrocyte	↑ macrophages infiltration	[32,33]
	X				mechanotransductive process	[34]
	X		X	synoviocyte		[32,35]
TRPV1	X	X		osteoblast	↑ osteoblast proliferation ↑ osteoblast differentiation	[36,37]
TRPV1 TRPV2 TRPV4		X		osteoclast	↑ osteoclast formation	[29,37,38,39,40]
TRPA1	X			osteoclast	↑ osteoclast formation	[41,42]
				MSC		[43]
	X			periodontal ligament cells	mechanotransduction	[41,42]
	X			odontoblast-like cell	inflammation	[44]
				bone cancer cell		[45,46]
	X			artificial bilayer	mechanotransduction	[47]
			X	prostate CAF		[48]
TRPM7	X			MSC	↑ osteoblast differentiation	[49]
					↑ chondrogenesis	[50]
				pre osteoblast	↑ osteoblastic differentiation	[51]
	X			odontoblast (in vivo mouse model)	mechanotransductive processes	[52,53]
	X			osteoblast		[49,54]
ASIC1-4		X		MSC	↑ osteoclastogenesis (ASIC2) ↓ osteoblastogenesis	[55]
	X			MSC	mechanotransductive processes	[56]
			X	bone cancer cell		[57]
ENaC				osteoblast	↑ osteoblast proliferation and differentiation	[58,59]
	X			chondrocyte	mechanotransductive processes	[60,61]
				osteoclast	↑ osteoclast differentiation	[62]
			X	mpkCCDc14		[63]
P2X7	X			MSC	mechanotransductive processes	[64]
	X			osteoblast		[65]
	X			osteocyte		[45]
	X			osteoblast	↑ osteoblast differentiation	[66,67]
	X			osteoclast	↑ osteoclast survival and differentiation	[64,68]
P2X2/3/5				osteoclast		[69,70]
Cx43	X			osteoblast	↑ osteoblast differentiation	[71]
			X	osteocyte		[72,73]
		X		HeLa		[74]
Panx1	X			osteoblast	mechanotransductive processes (in complex with P2X7)	[45,71,75,76]
				osteocyte
		X		zebrafish retina (in vivo)		[77,78]
Panx3				osteoblast	↑ osteogenesis	[79,80]
				MSC	↑ osteoblast differentiation
	X			osteoblast (MC3T3 and in vivo mouse model)	↑ osteoblastogenesis	[79,81,82]
	X	X		chondrocyte (in vivo mouse model)	↑ chondrogenesis