Table 2.
List of new antifungal drugs.
| New Antifungal Agents Developed | Mode of Action | Developer | Activity Against | Clinical Trial Stage | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VT-1598 | Inhibits lanosterol 14α-demethylase | Mycovia Pharmaceuticals, Durham, NC, USA | Moulds, Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus arrhizus, and Coccidioides | Phase I | [102,120] |
| SUBA-itraconazole | Enhance the bioavailability of itraconazole by its solid dispersion in a pH-dependent matrix. | Mayne Pharma Ltd., Salisbury South, Australia | Aspergillus spp., Blastomyces dermatitidis | FDA-approved | [118] |
| Rezafungin | Inhibition of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthesis | Cidara Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA | Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Pneumocystis spp. | FDA-approved as an orphan drug for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis | [119,121] |
| Ibrexafungin | Inhibition of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthesis | SCYNEXIS Inc., Jersey City, NJ, USA | Candida spp. | FDA-approved | [122] |
| Olorofim | Inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase responsible for pyrimidine biosynthesis. | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. And F2G Ltd., Osaka, Japan and Manchester, UK | Aspergillus and Scedosporium spp. | Phase II | [123] |
| Amphotericin B Cochleate (CAMB) | Cell wall disruption | Matinas BioPharma, Bedminster, NJ, USA. | C. albicans | Phase II | [124] |
| MGCD290 | Inhibits Hos2 fungal histone deacetylase (HDAC) and also affects non-histone protein Hsp90 | Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA | Candida and Aspergillus spp. | Phase II | [119] |
| Fosmanogepix (APX001) | Inhibition of glycosylphosphatidylinositol. | Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA | Yeast, moulds, Candida, Cryptococcus, Coccidioides, and Aspergillus spp. | Phase II | [125,126] |
| VL-2397 | Unknown | Vical Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA | Aspergillus fumigatus. | Phase II | [128,129] |
| T-2307 | Fungal mitochondrial disruption | Toyama Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan. | Candida spp. Cryptococcus and Aspergillus spp. | Phase I | [130] |