Table 1.
Summary of the different vitamins isolated from bee pollen.
| Identified Vitamins | Apiaries | Floral Origin | Isolation Methods | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A, B1, B2, B5, B6, B7, B12, C, E, K2 | Turkey | monofloral bee pollen of Rhododendron ponticum | HPLC-FLD HPLC-UV |
[102] |
| β-Carotene Vit. C |
Portugal | Polyfloral bee pollen of: Rubus spp.; Castanea; sativa; Cytisus spp.; Quercus spp.; Echium spp.; Prunus spp.; Leontondon spp.; Eucalyptus spp.; Erica spp.; Cistus spp.; Trifolium spp. |
(NH4)2SO4 for β-Carotene AOAC for vitamin-C |
[103] |
| B2, B3, B6, B9 | Italy | Polyfloral bee pollen of: Prunu; Erica; Brassicaceae; Rubus; Viburnum Viburnum; Trifolium pratense; Asteraceae T.; Eucalyptus; Rosa spp. |
Fluorescence spectroscopy (Bulk analysis) | [104] |
| B1, B2, B6 | Brazil | Polyfloral bee pollen of: Arecaceae; Cecropia; Cestrum; Cyperaceae; Eucalyptus; Ilex; Myrcia; Piper; Vernonia; Trema |
HPLC | [105] |
| B3 (Niacin); B6 (Pyridoxine) B9 (Folic acid) B12 (Cobalamin) |
Saudi Arabia | Monofloral bee pollen of: alfalfa; date palm; rape; summer squash; sunflower |
HPLC | [75] |
| C; E; Provit. A (β-carotene) | Brazil | ND | Vit C: AOAC Vit E: HPLC β-carotene: OCC |
[106] |
ND: Not determined.