Figure 5.

GYY4137 post-treatment increase intracellular antioxidants in TNF-α-treated cells. The extracted RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA and calculated using the ΔΔCt value method with two duplicates and with EEF2 as a housekeeping gene. Bar graphs of relative (A) Trx1, (B) HO-1, and (C) SOD2, mRNA expression was analysed by RT-QPCR. Results were shown as mean ± SD (N = 4 independent experiments with 3 replicates in each experiment. One way ANOVA test was carried out, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test to normalise for multiple comparisons comparing treatment vs. control, whereby (* p < 0.05) compared to control. (# p < 0.05) represents a comparison to the TNF-α group alone.