Table 4.

Application of antioxidants in castration-resistant prostate cancer treatments.

Treatment	Findings	Author
Lycopene	Growth inhibition on DU145 cells ↑ Docetaxel + lycopene: tumor regression ↑, with a 38% increase in antitumor efficacy (p < 0.05)	[129]
δ-Tocotrienol	δ-TT exerts a cytotoxic/proapoptotic activity in CRPC cells	[130]
Melatonin	Inhibition of tumor growth CES1 expression ↑	[131]
CAPE	Proliferation of DU-145 and PC-3 cells dose-dependently ↓	[132]
CAPE	Proliferation of DU-145 and PC-3 cells dose-dependently ↓	[133]
CAPE	Induced apoptosis in PC-3	[134]
Hesperidin	Suppressed the proliferation of androgen-independent PC-3 and DU145 Improved the anticancer effects of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin in PC-3 and DU145 cells	[138]

Abbreviations: ↑: increase; ↓: decrease; CAPE: caffeic acid phenethyl ester; CES1: carboxylesterase 1; δ-TT: δ-tocotrienol.