Table 1.

Characteristics of the three example datasets used. BAI = brain age index. COVA = COVID-19 risk study. ST = Seizure Tracker™. In all three datasets, the number of events and number of patients are listed, but only in the COVA dataset we employed an event-based analysis, whereas in BAI and ST we used a patient-based analysis.

Dataset	Machine Learning	# of Patients/# of Events	Disease Model	Outcome	Repeated Measures	Survival Analysis	Event-Based Analysis
BAI [8,10]	Transformed linear regression	4070 patients 3359 events	Aging	Estimate of brain age (used to forecast life expectancy)	N	Y	N
COVA [11]	Ordinal regression	2205 patients 1479 events	COVID-19	Risk of hospitalization, critical illness, or death	N	N	Y
ST [12]	Deep learning	1613 patients 98,119 events	Epilepsy	Risk of seizure within 24 h	Y	N	N