Table 4.
FAD indexes and elongases activities from total fatty acid data of kidney and plasma calculated as product/precursor ratio 1.
| STD-C | STD-FG | STD-ω3 | STD-FG + ω3 | HFHS-C | HFHS-FG | HFHS- ω3 | HFHS-FG + ω3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Desaturase and elongases activities in kidney | ||||||||
| Elongase-6 (18:0/16:0) *$# | 0.50 b (0.14) | 0.48 b (0.06) | 0.58 ab (0.07) | 0.70 a (0.06) | 0.69 a (0.02) | 0.67 a (0.06) | 0.64 a (0.02) | 0.68 a (0.03) |
| SCD-16 = [16:1ω7/16:0] *$ | 0.11 a (0.05) | 0.10 a (0.02) | 0.08 ab (0.02) | 0.04 b (0.03) | 0.05 b (0.01) | 0.05 b (0.01) | 0.04 b (0.01) | 0.04 b (0.01) |
| SCD-18 = [18:1ω9/18:0] *$# | 1.36 a (0.92) | 1.28 ab (0.27) | 0.74 abc (0.35) | 0.45 c (0.07) | 0.66 bc (0.08) | 0.79 abc (0.19) | 0.71 abc (0.07) | 0.69 abc (0.11) |
| Δ4D = [22:6ω3/22:5ω3] *# | 2.35 b (0.21) | 2.39 b (0.21) | 3.22 b (0.28) | 2.86 b (0.33) | 4.58 a (0.84) | 5.07 a (0.63) | 4.33 a (0.46) | 4.33 a (0.11) |
| Δ5D = [20:4ω6/20:3ω6] *$ | 35.24 a (4.52) | 33.09 ab (3.03) | 32.52 ab (3.21) | 32.39 ab (1.97) | 32.65 ab (1.03) | 32.61 ab (4.67) | 27.37 b (2.22) | 26.78 b (2.99) |
| Δ6D = [20:3ω6/18:2ω6] *$# | 0.03 cd (0.02) | 0.02 d (0.01) | 0.04 bc (0.00) | 0.05 b (0.01) | 0.10 a (0.01) | 0.09 a (0.01) | 0.09 a (0.03) | 0.09 a (0.02) |
| Δ5D + Δ6D = [20:5ω3/18:3ω3] *$# | 0.73 d (0.39) | 0.51 d (0.16) | 1.43 bc (0.33) | 1.63 bc (0.48) | 3.17 b (0.55) | 4.25 bc (0.42) | 8.78 a (1.97) | 9.45 a (2.28) |
| Desaturase and elongases activities in plasma | ||||||||
| Elongase-6 (18:0/16:0) ns | 0.38 (0.03) | 0.42 (0.05) | 0.39 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.11) | 0.41 (0.04) | 0.44 (0.04) | 0.47 (0.15) | 0.41 (0.07) |
| SCD-16 = [16:1ω7/16:0] ns | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.16 (0.21) | 0.06 (0.02) |
| SCD-18 = [18:1ω9/18:0] * | 0.86 b (0.16) | 0.73 b (0.15) | 0.84 b (0.14) | 0.88 b (0.50) | 1.60 a (0.33) | 1.46 a (0.19) | 1.61 a (0.36) | 1.47 a (0.34) |
| Δ4D = [22:6ω3/22:5ω3] *$# | 2.93 c (0.40) | 3.10 c (0.57) | 2.63 c (0.45) | 4.13 bc (0.86) | 5.15 ab (1.18) | 4.08 bc (1.47) | 5.81 a (0.93) | 5.57 ab (0.74) |
| Δ5D = [20:4ω6/20:3ω6] *$ | 123.48 a (14.14) | 111.62 ab (10.90) | 72.67 cd (20.84) | 83.94 bc (26.77) | 47.94 de (18.18) | 54.77 cde (12.04) | 32.06 e (6.18) | 32.10 e (5.02) |
| Δ6D = [20:3ω6/18:2ω6] *$ | 0.01 b (0.00) | 0.01 b (0.00) | 0.02 b (0.00) | 0.02 b (0.00) | 0.05 a (0.01) | 0.05 a (0.01) | 0.06 a (0.01) | 0.06 a (0.01) |
| Δ5D + Δ6D = [20:5ω3/18:3ω3] *$# | 1.85 b (0.53) | 1.97 b (0.78) | 2.95 b (0.77) | 3.09 b (0.90) | 2.30 b (0.50) | 2.27 b (0.40) | 6.14 a (1.58) | 7.32 a (2.06) |
1 Two-way ANOVA analyses were conducted, followed by Tukey HSD’s post hoc test. * p < 0.05 significant differences given by the factor “diet” (STD and HFHS); $ p < 0.05 significant differences given by the factor “supplement” (CONTROL, FG, ω-3, FG + ω-3). Superscript # indicates significant interaction (p < 0.05) between the factors diet and supplement. Means with different superscript indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) (analyzed by post hoc Tukey HSD). ns = no significant.