Table 2.

Major findings regarding inflammatory responses in ALS.

Trigger Factor	Effect	Result	Ref.
LPS	Activation of mSOD1 bearing astrocytes	↑ iNOS ↑ NO	[150]
Mutant SOD1	Activation of astrocytes and microglial cells	↑ iNOS ↑ NO	[151]
Peroxynitrile or LPS	Activation of astrocytes	↑ iNOS ↑ NO Cytotoxic phenotype transformation	[152]
Peroxynitrile	Activation of astrocytes and microglial cells	↓ Astrocytic glutamate uptake ↑ Neuronal excitotoxicity	[153]
Peroxynitrile or LPS	Activation of astrocytes	↑ iNOS ↑ NO ↑ nerve growth factor ↑ nitrotyrosine ↑ death of p75(NTR)+ neurons	[154]

Abbreviations: iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide stimulation; nSOD1, mutant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1; ↑ increase; ↓ decrease.