Table 2.
Oxylipin and free fatty acid plasma levels of patients with or without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) according to the intrahepatic fat content (IFC).
| IFC0 (n = 19) |
IFC1 (n = 42) |
IFC2 (n = 19) |
IFC3 (n = 10) |
ANOVA p |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AA (nM) | 67.7 ± 11.9 a | 105 ± 15 a | 187 ± 57.7 a | 765 ± 455 b | 0.002 |
| EPA (nM) | 14.4 ± 4.86 a | 15.2 ± 4.3 a | 39.8 ± 23.8 a | 194 ± 131 b | 0.006 |
| ETA (nM) | 0.98 ± 0.18 a | 1.76 ± 0.26 a | 1.91 ± 0.43 a | 13.5 ± 9.6 b | 0.008 |
| 17DoHE (nM) | 2.39 ± 1.14 a | 1.00 ± 0.20 a | 1.58 ± 0.73 a | 3.72± 1.89 a | 0.122 |
| RvD2 (nM) | 3.19 ± 2.05 a | 3.02 ± 0.95 a | 1.18 ± 0.48 a | 3.68 ± 2.45 a | 0.689 |
| MaR1 (nM) | 0.21 ± 0.08 ab | 0.11 ± 0.02 a | 0.17 ± 0.06 ab | 0.63 ± 0.41 b | 0.030 |
| 15HETE (nM) | 0.57 ± 0.19 a | 0.56 ± 0.09 a | 1.01 ± 0.45 a | 1.53 ± 0.56 a | 0.089 |
| LXB4 (nM) | 18.8 ± 11.8 a | 9.24 ± 3.32 a | 24.1 ± 16.6 ab | 203 ± 163 b | 0.018 |
| LTB4 (nM) | 0.57 ± 0.17 a | 1.68 ± 0.61 a | 2.60 ± 1.28 a | 3.46 ± 1.67 a | 0.263 |
| PGF2α (nM) | 0.96 ± 0.51 a | 0.80 ± 0.45 a | 2.32 ± 1.2 ab | 12.1 ± 9.7 b | 0.023 |
| 3HMYR (nM) | 90.0 ± 47.9 ab | 113 ± 55.7 a | 183 ± 98.0 ab | 955 ± 746 b | 0.035 |
| 16HPAL (nM) | 69.0 ± 27.5 a | 63.5 ± 26.6 a | 77.4 ± 53.3 a | 785 ± 461 b | 0.001 |
| 12HEST (nM) | 59.3 ± 21.1 a | 41.0 ± 6.3 a | 140 ± 68.0 ab | 345 ± 163 b | 0.002 |
Results represent mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis: One-way ANOVA for normally distributed data. When a significant effect of the ANOVA was found, a Bonferroni test was performed to identify differences between groups. Different letters (a, b) indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). AA: 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid (Arachidonic acid); EPA: 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentenoic acid; ETA: 8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid; 15HETE: 15-Hydroxy-5,8,11,13-Eicosatetraenoic acid; 17DoHE: 17-Hydroxy-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid; RvD2: 7S,16R,17S-trihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (Resolvin D2); MaR1: 7R,14S-dihydroxy-4Z,8E,10E,12Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (Maresin-1); LXB4: (5S,6E,8Z,10E,12E,14R,15S)-5,14,15-Trihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,12-tetraenoic acid (LipoxinB4); LTB4: (5S,6Z,8E,10E,12R,14Z)-5,12-Dihydroxyicosa-6,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid (Leukotriene B4); 3HMYR: 3-Hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid; 16HPAL: 16-Hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid; 12HEST: 12-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. PGF2α: (Z)-7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-[(E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]cyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid (Prostaglandin 2α). IFC0 (stage 0 or control group without steatosis) IFC < 6.4%; IFC1 (stage 1 with mild steatosis) 6.4% ≤ IFC < 17.4%; IFC2 (stage 2 with moderate steatosis) 17.4% ≤ IFC < 22.1%; and IFC3 (stage 3 with severe steatosis) IFC ≥ 22.1.