Fig. 1.

Subgroup analysis of the association between DNA methylation age acceleration and the risk of incident coronary heart disease according to potential baseline risk factors. Horizontal lines represent 95% CIs. Odds ratio and 95% CI are for the associations of 1-SD Δage increasing with CHD risk. Covariates in the multivariable model: age, sex, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, average days consuming fresh vegetables, fruits, and red meat per week, body mass index, fasting time, study area, batch, and cell type proportions. * To avoid misleadingly elevated risk, former smokers who stopped smoking for illness were categorized as the current smoker