Table 1.
µPAD manufacturing techniques to detect different types of tumor biomarkers.
| Analyte | Matrix | Fabrication Technique | Substrate | Signal Detection Technique |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFP, CEA CA125 CA153 |
Serum | Photolithography | Chromatography Paper | Electrochemical | [55] |
| CEA | Serum | Photolithography | Chromatography Paper | Chemiluminescence | [56] |
| CEA, NSE | Serum | Wax and Screen Printing | Chromatography Paper | Electrochemical | [57] |
| CEA | Serum | Wax Printing | Filter Paper | Electrochemical | [58] |
| CEA, PSA | Serum | Wax Printing | Chromatography Paper | Electrochemiluminescence | [59] |
| CEA, PSA | Serum | Wax Printing | Chromatography Paper | Fluorimetry | [60] |
| Citrate | Urine | Laser Cut | Chromatography Paper | Colorimetric | [61] |
| CA 15.3 | Plasma | Inkjet Printing | Photographic Paper | Chronoamperometry | [62] |
| CEA | Serum | Manual | Colorimetric | [63] | |
| MCF-7 | Tumor Cell | Wax Printing | Chromatography Paper | Electrochemiluminescence | [64] |
| PSA | Serum | Wax Printing | Chromatography Paper | Voltammetry | [62] |