Figure 1.

Experimental protocol. Eligible participants visited the laboratory three times. First, they arrived at the laboratory before 4 p.m., and then provided the written informed consent, received the demographic questionnaire and indicated that they understood the experimental protocol. Second, they underwent MRI scanning, after which they completed the BART during rested wakefulness. Third, they began sleep deprivation at 8 a.m., which ended at 8 p.m. on the second day. After 36 h sleep deprivation, MRI scanning was performed before the BART. The experiment lasted for 12 days. MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; BART, balloon analog risk task.