Table 7.

Results of Titanium coating on PEEK.

Treatment	Result	Author
Surface coatings: Titanium
Titanium [Pre-treated with grit blasting + Vacuum plasma (element unspecified)]	In vitro: Increased proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells In vivo: Increased osseointegration	Liu et al. 2021 [79]
Titanium + alkali treatment	In vitro: Increased adhesion and proliferation of pre-osteoblasts	Yang et al. [80]
(Oxygen plasma/Sandblasting) + Titanium sol + Hydrochloric acid	In vitro: Increased cell response In vivo: Increased osseointegration	Shimizu et al. [81]
Titanium dioxide (Pre-treatment: Argon ion + Titanium layer)	In vivo: Increased osseointegration and bond strength in pull-out test	Tsou et al. [82]