Internal and external validation of the performance regarding the predicted signatures. (A) The Kaplan–Meier survival curves of the training set. (B) The ROC curves and AUCs for the one-, three-, and five-year survival groups of the training set. (C) The Kaplan–Meier survival curve of the testing set. (D) The ROC curve and AUCs for the one-, three-, and five-year survival groups of the testing set. (E) The Kaplan–Meier survival curves of the GSE15459 set. (F) The ROC curves and AUCs for the one-, three-, and five-year survival groups of the GSE15459 set. (G) The Kaplan–Meier survival curves of the GSE62254 set. (H) The ROC curves and AUCs for the one-, three-, and five-year survival groups of the GSE62254 set. RCL: random guessing line, the baseline of a ROC curve.