Table 1.
Rtn detection based on the proposed colorimetric sensor and other reported sensors.
| Material/Probe | Method | LDR (μM) |
LOD (μM) |
RSD% | pH | Sample | Time | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemically cross-linked Cu-CHIT 1/MWCNT 2 on GCE 3 | Electrochemically | 0.05–100 | 0.01 | 2.43 | 0.04 M Britton–Robinson buffer (pH = 3) | Orange, lemon, lime, apple | 40 s | [1] |
| Carbon composite electrode modified with Cu (II) phosphate immobilized in a polyester resin | Electrochemically | 0.098–2.50 | 0.011 | - | 0.1 M phosphate buffer/ethanol (pH = 6.9) |
Pharmaceutical formulations | - | [19] |
| MIP 4 with IL 5-Gr 6 | Electrochemically | 0.029–1.0 | 0.001 | 3.05 | 0.04 M Britton–Robinson buffer (pH = 2.0) | Tablet | 10 min | [25] |
| Boron-doped diamond electrode | Electrochemically | 0.016–0.164 | 0.0028 | 3.5 | 0.1 M Britton–Robinson buffer (pH = 4) |
Dietary supplement products | 1 min | [21] |
| Polyphenol oxidase/AuNPs 7/mesoporous carbon-modified electrode | Electrochemically | 1.50–28.00 | 0.51 | 4.6 | 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (pH = 2) | Dark teas | - | [22] |
| Cu-zeolite A/Gr on GCE | Electrochemically | 0.23–2500 | 0.12 | 1.1–2.1 | oxalate buffer (pH 4.5) | Urine | - | [27] |
| GO-CHIT/GCE | Electrochemically | 0.9–90 | 0.56 | 1.81 | citrate buffer (pH = 4.5) | Fruits | 25 s | [52] |
| MIP/MWCNTs/GCE | Electrochemically | 0.4–10 | 0.11 | 3.01 | buffer (pH = 8.0) |
Tablet | 10 min | [53] |
| Mobile phase | HPLC | 1.64–819.0 | 0.16 | - | - | Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves | 40 min | [23] |
| Mobile phase | HPLC | 0.82–40.95 | 0.16 | - | 50 mM buffer KH2PO4 (pH = 4.6) |
Blood plasma, cardiomyocytes, and mitochondria of cardiomyocytes | 6–6.5 min | [26] |
| CDs 8 | Spectrofluorimetry | 0.30–9.16 | 0.098 | - | - | Tablet | - | [24] |
| Rutin-Al (III) complex | Spectrophotometry and fluorimetry | 4.09–36.85 and 6.55–39.31 | 0.11 and 0.12 | 1.06 and 1.40 | acetic acid buffer (pH = 4.8) |
Tablet | - | [20] |
| Complex with ytterium (III) | Fluorimetry | 0.02–1.96 | 0.0021 | 1.6 | Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 9.5) |
Tablet | - | [8] |
| Cu-Guo NRs | Spectrophotometry and visually | 0.77–54.46 | 0.114 | 1.26 | acetate buffer (pH = 5.6) |
Blood plasma, urine, tablet, dry propolis extract | 6 min | This Study |
1 Chitosan, 2 multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 3 glassy carbon electrode, 4 molecularly imprinted poly, 5 ionic liquid, 6 graphene, 7 gold nanoparticles, 8 carbon dots.