Uptakes excess glutamate preventing chronic glutamate neurotoxicity |
[70,71] |
Macrophages improve overall tissue quality through removal of cell debris |
[43,55,57] |
Prolonged tissue repair signaling |
[16,36,49] |
Maintains body’s natural excitation/inhibition ratio; helps prevent irregular signaling |
[45,72,73] |
Physical barrier to protect remaining functional tissue |
[14,29,37] |
Negative Effects:
|
|
Non-resolving auto-immune response that leads to fueling fibrosis; over stimulation of inflammation leads to damaged surrounding tissues |
[16,74] |
Over stimulation of inflammation leads to damaged surrounding tissues |
[16,50,75] |
Inhibits differentiation of OPCs |
[26,76] |
Inhibits axogenesis, plasticity of the neuron, and myelin generation |
[4,5,6,13,77] |
Physical barrier making transplanted/endogenous cell migration difficult |
[29,35,45,78] |
Excessive production of free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and glutamate, as well as ion imbalance |
[14,79,80,81] |