Table 1.

Bias table for RCTs of UPIT and UPCTR.

Author	Domain 1	Domain 2	Domain 3	Domain 4	Domain 5	Overall Bias
Bias table for RCTs of UPIT using Steroids
Ustun (2013) [33]
Lee (2014) [34]
Makhlouf (2014) [35]
Eslamian (2017) [36]
Karaahmet (2017) [37]
Wang (2017) [38]
Chen (2018) [39]
Ba-baei-Ghazani (2018) [40]
Roghani (2018) [41]
Roh (2019) [42]
Rayegani (2019) [43]
Hsu (2020) [44]
Ba-baei-Ghazani (2020) [45]
Mezian (2021) [46]
Wang (2021) [47]
Mathew (2022) [48]
Bias table for RCTs of UPIT using 5% Dextrose
Wu (2017) [49]
Wu (2018) [50]
Lin (2020) [51]
Lin (2021) [52]
Bias table for RCTs of UPIT using Platelet-Rich Plasma
Wu et al. (2017) [53]
Malahias et al. (2018) [54]
Senna et al. (2019) [55]
Shen 2019 [56]
Chen et al. (2021) [57]
Bias table for RCTs of UPIT using other Injectates
Su et al. (2021) [58]
Alsaeid et al. (2019) [59]
Elawa-my et al. (2020) [60]
Kamel et al. (2021) [61]
Forogh et al. (2021) [62]
Bias table for RCTs of UPCTR
Capa Grasa (2014) [63]
Rojo-Manaute (2016) [64]
Zhang (2019) [65]
Fuente (2021) [66]

Domain 1, bias arising from the randomization process; Domain 2, bias due to deviations from intended interventions; Domain 3, bias due to missing outcome data; Domain 4, bias in the measurement of the outcome; and Domain 5, bias in the selection of the reported result. Red color dots signifie high bias, orange color dots point to some concerns on bias analysis, and green color dots denote low bias.