Table 3.
Biomarkers identifying the oligo-metastatic status.
| Author, Year | Tumor Type | Biomarker | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lussier, 2011 [88] | Mixed tumor histologies. | OligomiRNAs. | MicroRNAs expression patterns associated with OMD. |
| Turajlic, 2018 [89] | Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. | 9p loss. Low intra-tumor heterogeneity of primary cancer. High genomic somatic copy-number alterations. | The patients with these characteristics develop poly-metastatic disease. |
| PBRM1 and SETD2 mutations in primary tumor. | These genetic features associate with oligo-metastases and attenuated progression. | ||
| Pitroda, 2018 [90] | Colorectal cancer. | “Canonical” and “immune” molecular subtypes in primary tumor. | They associate with long-term survival and OMD. |
| Ottaiano, 2020 [91] | Colorectal cancer. | KRAS regression from primary to metastatic lesions. ERBB2 p.Pro1170Ala. | They associate with lung-limited OMD. |
| Ottaiano, 2020 [92] | Colorectal cancer. | Loss of KRAS and SMAD4 alterations from primary to metastatic lesions. High granzyme-B+ T-cell infiltration into metastatic tumor. | The patients with these characteristics remain with liver-limited OMD for long time. |
| Gain in KRAS, PIK3CA and SMAD4 alterations. Scarce granzyme-B+ T-cells infiltration. | The patients with these characteristics develop poly-metastatic widely diffusive disease. | ||
| Ottaiano, 2022 [93] | Colorectal cancer. | KRAS regression from primary to metastatic lesions. HLA-C7 aplotype. | The patients with these characteristics remain oligometastatic for long time. |
| Ottaiano, 2022 [103] | Colorectal cancer. | Absence of TCF7L2 variants, low frequency of type 2 diabetes-associated genetic polymorphisms. | The patients with this characteristic have persistent OMD. |