Table 2.
DDR Pathway | Mechanism | DNA Damaging Agent(s) | CSCs | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
HR | Increased RAD50 (MRN) expression | Mitomycin | BCSCs (tumoursphere) | [139] |
HR RS response |
ATR-CHK1 axis | IR, hydroxyurea | BCSCs (ALDH1+) | [140] |
HR RS response |
BMI1-RAD51 axis | Cisplatin | BCSCs (ALDH1+) | [141] |
HR ICL repair MMR |
Reduced intracellular [cisplatin]; increased gene expression (PMS2, ERCC1, MLH1, MSH2) | Cisplatin | Lung CSCs (chemoresistant cell line) | [143] |
DSB repair | Enhanced CHK1 activation | Etoposide, docetaxel | Prostate CSCs (tumoursphere) | [144] |
SSB repair DSB repair |
Enhanced CHK1/2 activation | IR | GSCs (CD133+) | [145,146] |
RS response | ATR-CHK1 axis; constitutive RS | IR | GSCs (CD133+) | [147] |
HR | SPT6-mediated HR | IR | GSCs (CD133+) | [148] |