Table 1.
Lasers for the UTUC treatment.
| Publication | Year | Number of Participants | Disease Stage | Mean Follow-Up (Months) | Outcomes Measurement | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nd:YAG | ||||||
| Malloy et al. [20] | 1986 | 6 | Clinically localized exophytic renal tumors | 14 | Recurrence-free rate | 6/6 |
| Orihuela et al. [18] | 1988 | 14 | Low- and high-grade tumors | 19 | Recurrence-free rate | 6/14 |
| Grossman et al. [17] | 1992 | 8 | Imperative or superficial disease with a normal contralateral kidney | 21 | Recurrence-free rate | 2/8 |
| Kaufman et al. [19] | 1993 | 9 | Low-grade, low-stage transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter | 28 | Recurrence-free rate | 8/9 |
| Elliott et al. [21]. | 1996 | 44 | Renal pelvic tumor sizes ranged from 0.4 to 4.0 cm (mean, 1.5) and ureteral tumors from 0.2 to 1.0 cm (mean, 0.5). Pathologic grade 3 or less, Stage T2 or less. | 60 | Disease-free rate | 57% |
| Elliott et al. [22] | 2001 | 21 | 8 renal pelvic tumors, 13 ureteral tumors, Stage T1 or less and grade 3 or less, less than 2 cm in the greatest dimension | 74 | Recurrence-free rate | 75% |
| Niţă et al. [16]. | 2012 | 44 | Imperative (41 cases) or elective (24 cases) | 60 | Recurrence-free rate for low-grade tumors for high-grade tumors |
36.36% 71.42% |
| Nd:YAG or Ho:YAG | ||||||
| Scotland et al. [5] | 2020 | 168 | Grade 1–3 tumors | 60 | Overall survival Cancer-specific survival Recurrence-free survival |
80.9 92.6 30 |
| Ho:YAG | ||||||
| Matsuoka et al. [30] | 2003 | 7 and 20 | Patients with a single kidney and low-grade cancer |
37 and 33 | Tumor-free rate | 57% and 95% |
| Painter et al. [28] | 2008 | 19 | Grade 2 or less | 24 | Progression-free rate | 17/19 |
| Cornu et al. [26] | 2010 | 35 | 15 patients with imperative indications, 20—elective | 36 | Disease-specific survival Recurrence-free rate |
100% 35% |
| Aboumarzouk et al. [31] | 2013 | 19 | Grade 1 or 2, unifocal, less than 1.5 cm | 24 | Cancer-free rate | 13/19 |
| Hoffman et al. [27] | 2014 | 25 | Low-grade tumors less than 1.5 cm | 26 | Bladder recurrence rate | 44% |
| Villa et al. [9] | 2018 | 92 | Low- and high-risk cancer | 52 | Progression-free rate in low-grade tumors in high-grade tumors |
75% 52% |
| Yamane et al. [29] | 2022 | 2 | Low-grade tumors | 60/84 | Recurrence-free rate | 100% |
| Tm:YAG | ||||||
| Defidio et al. [33] | 2011 | 59 | Tumors under 1.5 cm | - | Recurrence-free rate | 81.4% |
| Musi et al. [34] | 2018 | 42 | low- and high-grade cancer | 26 | Recurrence-free rate | 81% |
| Wen et al. [35] | 2018 | 32 | low- and high-grade cancer | - | Recurrence-free rate | 78.1% |
| Bozzini et al. [36] | 2021 | - | low-grade tumors | 11.7 | Recurrence-free rate | 80.8% |
| Combined Nd:YAG/Ho:YAG | ||||||
| Keeley et al. [52] | 1997 | 40 | Grade 1–3 | 35.1 | Disease-free rate in the grade 1 group in the grade 2 group in the grade 3 group |
15/21 6/14 2/5 |
| Mugiya et al. [51] | 2003 | 6 | 4 p.—Grade 1; 2 p.—Grade 2 |
14 | Recurrence-free rate | 3/6 |
| Boorjian et al. [53] | 2004 | 38 | 17—negative biopsy, 17—abnormal biopsy | 37.2 | Recurrence-free rate | 12/38 |
| Boorjian et al. [54] | 2005 | 12 | - | 37.2 | Disease-free rate | 10/12 |
| Mugiya et al. [50] | 2006 | 7 | 5 p.—Grade 1; 2 p.—Grade 2 |
32 | Recurrence-free rate | 0/7 |
| Hubosky et al. [48] | 2013 | 15 | patients with Lynch syndrome |
10 | Successful ablation rate | 12/15 |
| Scotland et al. [49] | 2018 | 63 | tumors larger than 2 cm | 60 | Overall survival Cancer-specific survival Recurrence-free rate Progression-free rate |
75% 84% 9.5% 68.3% |
| Combined Tm:YAG/Ho:YAG | ||||||
| Yoshida et al. [45] | 2021 | - | - | 24 | Progression-free survival Recurrence free-rate |
100% 57.1% |