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. 2023 Mar 19;13(6):1176. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13061176

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Determination of 2D PISA in biplane 2D color Doppler dataset and CW Doppler dataset. Echocardiographic images with 2 orthogonal slice planes of the 2D color Doppler dataset (mid-systolic) with Nyquist velocity of 38.5 cm/s (left); determination of PISA radius in 2 planes (diameters with crosses), MR-VTI (dotted outline), and MR-Vmax in the CW Doppler dataset (right) for calculation of regurgitation area. Abbreviations: 2D = two-dimensional; PISA = proximal isovelocity surface area; CW = continuous wave; MR-VTI = mitral regurgitation velocity–time integral; MR-Vmax = maximum mitral regurgitation velocity.