Table 2.
Mediator profiles for controls, sepsis patients, and sepsis patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
| Parameter | Controls (n = 25) |
Sepsis − COVID-19 (n = 64) |
Sepsis + COVID-19 (n = 14) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PF4 | [ng/mL] | 558 (394; 587) | 820 (688; 1330) | 1260 (544; 2657) |
| D-dimer | [ng/mL] | 227 (189; 253) | 471 (380; 617) | 378 (278; 485) |
| nucleosomes | [AU] | 0.01 (0.01; 0.02) | 0.09 (0.05; 0.11) | 0.11 (0.04; 0.15) |
| cit H3 | [ng/mL] | 1 (0.78; 1.32) | 2.14 (1.62; 3.06) | 2.27 (1.32; 3.04) |
| HMGB-1 | [ng/mL] | 1.01 (0.35; 1.25) | 3.22 (2.63; 5.69) | 7.16 (3.74; 8.01) |
| C5b-9 | [µg/mL] | 0.68 (0.63; 0.76) | 1.36 (1.2; 1.44) | 1.52 (1.29; 1.74) |
| EVs | [counts/µL] | 53,500 (45,000; 66,000) | 132,250 (100,250; 188,500) | 311,000 (151,000; 630,000) |
| CD41+ EVs | [counts/µL] | 9000 (5940; 10,440) | 28,945 (23,090; 57,195) | 73,085 (39,790; 198,860) |
| CD41+ EVs | [% of total EVs] | 15 (11; 18) | 27 (18; 34) | 31 (23; 35.5) |
| CRP+ EVs | [counts/µL] | 2000 (1500; 4000) | 71,660 (52,500; 88,500) | 106750 (85,000; 263,500) |
| CRP+ EVs | [% of total EVs] | 4 (2; 4) | 55 (46; 61) | 62 (40; 67.5) |
| IL-1β | [pg/mL] | 0.92 (0.72; 1.32) | 1.88 (1.28; 1.88) | 2.16 (0.96; 2.84) |
| IL-1ra | [pg/mL] | 251 (164; 379) | 1010 (431; 1353) | 1495 (866; 2805) |
| IL-2 | [pg/mL] | 1.7 (n.a.; n.a.) | 1.93 (1.7; 2.16) | 1.7 (1.7; 1.73) |
| IL-4 | [pg/mL] | 3.36 (2.6; 3.56) | 3.02 (2.56; 3.58) | 3.18 (2.08; 3.84) |
| IL-5 | [pg/mL] | 5.34 (n.a.; n.a.) | 5.34 (n.a.; n.a.) | 5.34 (n.a.; n.a.) |
| IL-6 | [pg/mL] | 0.42 (n.a.; n.a.) | 28.6 (20.12; 50.04) | 34.34 (12.32; 115) |
| IL-7 | [pg/mL] | 2.6 (n.a.; n.a.) | 10.86 (5.36; 12.64) | 12.64 (2.6; 17.68) |
| IL-8 | [pg/mL] | 2.76 (1.56; 4.64) | 15.44 (13.56; 21.84) | 15 (7.68; 22.3) |
| IL-9 | [pg/mL] | 557 (493; 591) | 383 (353; 402) | 402 (303; 440) |
| IL-10 | [pg/mL] | 0.81 (n.a.; n.a.) | 2.84 (1.84; 3.48) | 4.28 (0.81; 9.12) |
| IL-12 | [pg/mL] | 1.87 (n.a.; n.a.) | 1.87 (n.a.; n.a.) | 1.87 (1.83; 2.96) |
| IL-13 | [pg/mL] | 0.96 (0.44; 1.2) | 2.08 (1.32; 2.56) | 3.72 (2.76; 4.26) |
| IL-15 | [pg/mL] | 18.02 (n.a.; n.a.) | 18.02 (n.a.; n.a.) | 18.02 (n.a.; n.a.) |
| IL-17 | [pg/mL] | 11.24 (7.32; 11.48) | 2.67 (n.a.; n.a.) | 2.67 (2.67; 2.67) |
| IFN-γ | [pg/mL] | 4.8 (3.48; 6.04) | 5.28 (3.84; 5.62) | 6.48 (5.58; 8.34) |
| TNF-α | [pg/mL] | 32.72 (30.56; 34.84) | 82.92 (74.44; 93.96) | 52.38 (48.24; 85.52) |
| eotaxin | [pg/mL] | 42.12 (30.32; 49.12) | 44.48 (36; 53.92) | 56.58 (45.76; 61.08) |
| IP-10 | [pg/mL] | 297 (202; 354) | 846 (614; 1400) | 5806 (2593; 8493) |
| MCP-1 | [pg/mL] | 23.2 (16.4; 25.52) | 34.22 (24.12; 44.64) | 98.24 (41.52; 184) |
| MIP-1α | [pg/mL] | 1.28 (1.01; 1.28) | 5.42 (4.24; 6.6) | 3.2 (2.08; 7.42) |
| MIP-1β | [pg/mL] | 248 (233; 271) | 207 (188; 220) | 212 (177; 251) |
| RANTES | [pg/mL] | 7742 (4249; 9806) | 3940 (2989; 5182) | 5319 (2357; 8911) |
| FGF | [pg/mL] | 21.2 (15.4; 22.04) | 26.24 (16.16; 27.12) | 30.66 (26.48; 33.28) |
| G-CSF | [pg/mL] | 45.68 (31.6; 57.56) | 174 (148; 237) | 213 (90; 340) |
| GM-CSF | [pg/mL] | 0.44 (n.a.; n.a.) | 0.44 (n.a.; n.a.) | 0.44 (n.a.; n.a.) |
| PDGF-bb | [pg/mL] | 258 (164; 330) | 343 (222; 461) | 573 (329; 996) |
| VEGF | [pg/mL] | 4.22 (n.a.; n.a.) | 4.22 (n.a.; n.a.) | 4.22 (n.a.; n.a.) |
Data are represented as median (lower; upper confidence interval). n.a., not applicable as confidence intervals could not be calculated due to low variations.