Table 5.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphate pesticides.
| Pesticide | Species/Strain | Acting Enzyme | Gene | Protein | Features | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chlorpyrifos, methylparathion, parathion, coumaphos, diazinon | Lev. brevis WCP902 | Organophosphate hydrolase |
opdB 723 bp |
240 AA 27 kDa |
‘Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly’-motif; Ser82 * pH 6.0, 35 °C |
[93] |
| La. sakei WCP904 | Organophosphate hydrolase |
opdD 825 bp |
274 AA 31 kDa |
‘Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly’-motif; Ser 116 * pH 6, 30 °C |
[123] | |
| Leuc. mesenteroides WCP307 | Organophosphate hydrolase |
opdA 930 bp |
309 AA 35 kDa |
‘Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly’-motif; Ser128 *; pH 7, 30 °C |
[124] | |
| Leuc. mesenteroides WCP307 | Organophosphate hydrolase |
opdE 894 bp |
297 AA 33 kDa |
‘Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly’ -motif, Ser129 *; pH 6, 30 °C |
[124] | |
| Lp. plantarum WCP931, Leuc. mesenteroides WCP907, Lev. brevis WCP902, La. sakei WCP904 | Esterase (suggested) |
- | - | - | [92] | |
| Parathion, methylparathion, chlorpyrifos | Lp. plantarum WCP931 | Organophosphate hydrolase |
opdC 831 bp |
276 AA 31 kDa |
‘Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly’—motif; Ser 116 *; pH 6, 35 °C |
[125] |
| Chlorpyrifos | Lc. casei WYS3 | Organophosphate hydrolase | opda | - | (+) opda RNA levels; hydrolysis products detected by GC-MS | [126] |
| Dimethoate | Lc. casei 355 | Alkaline phosphatase |
- | 43 kDa | pH 8.5, 37 °C (+) Mg2+, Ca2+ |
[127] |
| (purified) | (−) Cu2+, Zn2+, EDTA | |||||
| Lp. plantarum CICC20261 | Phosphatase (crude activity) | - | - | Gln375 and Ser415 * | [87] | |
| Dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, trichlorphon, methylparathion | Lp. plantarum subsp. plantarum CICC20261 | Phosphatase (crude activity) | - | - | - | [128] |
| Trichlorphon, phorate, malathion, dichlorvos | L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, Lp. rhamnosus | Phosphatase activity (correlation) |
- | - | - | [88] |
| Chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion, malathion | Lev. brevis 1.0209 | Phosphatase activity (correlation) |
- | - | - | [89] |
| Chlorpyrifos | Pediococcus pentasaceus 4320, Leuc. mesenteroides 8293, Ent. faecium 86, Lactococcus. lactis 1454, Lc. rhamnosus GG53103, Leuc. lactis 19256 | Alkaline phosphatase (suggested) |
- | - | - | [129] |
* Amino acid residue in the active center, which is crucial for enzyme hydrolysis.