Table 2.
Multilayer emulsions inhibited lipid oxidation at the interfacial region.
| Oil Type | First Layer | Second Layer | Third Layer | Oxidation Test | Result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flaxseed Oil | Sodium caseinate | Pectin | - | PV and TBARS * | Positive effect of multilayer structure on improving physical and oxidative stabilities of conventional emulsions | Kartal et al. [61] |
| Chia oil | Modified sunflower lecithin | Chitosan | - | PV and TBARS | Higher oxidative stability of double-layer emulsions than monolayer ones | Julio et al. [62] |
| Fish oil | β-lactoglobulin or its hydrolysates | Pectin | - | PV | High oxidative stability of bilayer microcapsules | Tamm et al. [63] |
| Fish oil | Lecithin | Chitosan | - | TBARS | Great protective effect of multilayered microcapsules against lipid oxidation | Jiménez-Martín et al. [64] |
| Corn oil | Silk fibroin | Beet pectin | - | PV and hexanal formation | Better oxidative stability of double-layer emulsion than monolayer one |
Chen et al. [65] |
| Fish oil | Citrem | Chitosan | Alginate | PV and TBARS | Better oxidative stability of Citrem/chitosan than Citrem alone or Citrem/chitosan/alginate | Gudipati et al. [60] |
| Linseed oil | Bovine serum albumin | Polyarginine | Dextran sulfate or tannic acid |
TBARS | Efficient protection of oil droplets against oxidation by multilayer shell containing tannic acid |
Lomova et al. [66] |
* PV = peroxide value; TBARS = thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value; CD = conjugated dienes; AV = p-Anisidine value.