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. 2023 Mar 17;12(6):1282. doi: 10.3390/foods12061282

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides (the peptides are shown as cylinder rods, where the hydrophilic regions are presented in red color and the hydrophobic regions in blue). (a) Aggregate model; (b) toroidal pore model; (c) barrel-stave model; (d) carpet model. Adapted with permission from ref. [70]. Copyright © 2023 American Society for Microbiology.