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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Med Virol. 2023 Feb;95(2):e28568. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28568

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA (A) and Spike protein (B) in the plasma of symptomatic hospitalized COVID-19 patients (Acute Disease). SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies were measured by dd-PCR (A) and Spike protein by ELISA (B) in the plasma from Acute COVID-19 patients and never infected with COVID-19 controls. Aii) Viral RNA copies the plasma after RNase treatment (n=10). C) Spike ELISA in the plasma derived small EVs from the subjects that showed positivity for Spike protein in total plasma (n=71). D) Representative 2D plot of dd-PCR showing absence of viral RNA in EVs as detected by the presence of internal control (RP) but absence of Nucleocapsid cluster. EVs from n=11 subjects that showed positivity for viral RNA in the corresponding plasma were analyzed. Also shown is the 2D plot of positive control (synthetic RNA transcript containing five gene targets: E, N, ORF1ab, RdRP and S Genes of SARS-CoV-2) showing the presence of nucleocapsid (N) cluster. *** p ≤ 0.001.