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. 2023 Mar 11;24(6):5372. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065372

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Products of homologous recombination mediated by one (A), two (B), and three (C) of the repetitive sequences r01, r02, and r47. The repeat units of r01, r02, and r47 are represented by arrows. The two repeat units are connected with arcs if they are on the same chromosome. Sequences around the repeat units are shown in different colors. The circles represent circular chromosomes. The genomic conformation is named “c” followed by the conformation number. In contrast, the circular chromosomes of a particular genomic conformation are named “c” followed by the conformation number, “-”, and the chromosome number. The double-headed arrows indicated the source circular chromosomes, the repetitive elements, and the product circular chromosomes, separated with “/”. The circular chromosomes before and after the recombination are shown with the same type of squares: solid or dashed. The genomic conformation name is prefixed with “Ma”, representing “major” if it is the most abundant conformation. Otherwise, the genomic conformation name is prefixed with “Mi”, representing “minor”. Mac1 is the genomic conformation containing chromosomes MC1 (Mac1-1) and MC2 (Mac1-2). (Panel A) Mac1-1 can undergo recombination mediated by r01 to form a circular chromosome Mic1-1. Similarly, Mac1-1 can undergo recombination mediated by r02 to form two circular chromosomes: Mic2-1 and Mic2-2. Mac1-1 and Mac1-2 can undergo recombination mediated by r47 to form Mic3-1. Mic3 only contains one circular chromosome Mic3-1. (Panel B) Mac1 can undergo recombinations mediated by two of the three repetitive sequences r01, r02, and r47 to form genomic conformations Mic4 to Mic6. (Panel C) Lastly, Mac1 can form Mic7 through recombinations mediated by r01, r02, and r47 together. Please note that we consider the Mac1 as the source conformation. Only newly formed circular chromosomes are shown for each newly formed genome conformation. By definition, it should also contain the circular chromosome in the source conformation that does not undergo recombination.