Table 4.
Baseline regressions of family welfare policies to increase fertility.
| Variable | (1) OLS | (2) OLS | (3) FE | (4) IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public expenditure on family benefits | 0.1250992 *** | 0.10235568 *** | 0.07279541 *** | 0.3040572 *** |
| Unemployment rate | −0.0094394 *** | −0.008107 *** | −0.01373959 *** | |
| Mean age of women at childbirth | 0.0136427 * | −0.0050052 | −0.09784289 ** | |
| Maternity leave | −0.0000939 | −0.00104557 ** | −0.00081465 | |
| Paternity leave | −0.001637 *** | 0.00052812 | 0.0006837 | |
| GDP per capita | 0.1106857 *** | 0.04908031 | −0.04906729 | |
| Medical expenditure | 0.0218199 *** | −0.00490288 | −0.03737607 ** | |
| Urbanization | −0.0247392 | −0.93256182 *** | −0.40280507 | |
| Child-rearing ratio | 0.04184921 *** | 0.02321994 *** | 0.02399765 *** | |
| Household income | −0.0018602 *** | −0.00017588 | 0.000198 | |
| Women’s education | 0.0031895 *** | 0.00054916 | 0.00223738 ** | |
| National fixed | NO | NO | Yes | Yes |
| Year fixed | NO | NO | Yes | Yes |
Legend: * p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01.