Table 5.
Tests of the long-term effects of family welfare policies (moving mean regression).
| Variable | 3-Year | 4-Year | 5-Year | 6-Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public expenditure on family benefits | 0.08068017 *** | 0.07937807 *** | 0.07110307 *** | 0.06583601 *** |
| Unemployment rate | −0.0053786 *** | −0.00399635 ** | −0.00297958 | −0.00236795 |
| Mean age of women at childbirth | −0.03627623 | −0.05496354 ** | −0.07805347 *** | −0.10766642 *** |
| Maternity leave | −0.001032 ** | −0.00111621 ** | −0.00107736 ** | −0.00095538 ** |
| Paternity leave | 0.00053154 | 0.0005187 | 0.00069277 | 0.00080207 ** |
| GDP per capita | 0.00570146 | −0.02199649 | −0.1131876 | −0.22537668 ** |
| Medical expenditure | −0.00317853 | −0.00380275 | −0.00641123 | −0.00824315 |
| Urbanization | −1.1706674 ** | −1.2805105 ** | −1.7348818 *** | −2.1990592 *** |
| Child-rearing ratio | 0.0186022 *** | 0.01623977 *** | 0.01457493 *** | 0.01283534 *** |
| Household income | 0.00049051 | 0.00107996 * | 0.00131975 ** | 0.00158262 *** |
| Women’s education | 0.00051576 | 0.00033213 | −0.00009076 | −0.00046868 |
| National fixed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Year fixed | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Legend: * p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01.