| AVPR2 | arginine vasopressin receptor 2 |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| AuNP | gold nanoparticle |
| asLOV2 | LOV domain from Avena sativa |
| bMCOII | bioluminescence multicharacteristic opsin II |
| BRET | bioluminescence resonance energy transfer |
| BEACON | BRET-activated optogenetics |
| bPAC | photoactivated adenylyl cyclase from Beggiatoa |
| CTZ | coelenterazine |
| CRY2 | cryptochrome 2 |
| ChR2 | channelrhodopsin-2 |
| CPH | caffeylpyruvate hydrolase |
| Cph1 | cyanobacterial phytochrome 1 |
| CHBT | 2-cyano-6-hydroxybenzothiazole |
| CalfluxVTN | calcium flux composed of Venus, troponin, and NanoLuc |
| CaM | calmodulin |
| CaMbp | calmodulin binding peptide |
| cAMP | cyclic AMP |
| DRD1 | dopamine receptor type I |
| DBD | DNA binding domain |
| ERα/β | estrogen receptor alpha/beta |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| EYFP | enhanced yellow fluorescent protein |
| EMCCD | electron-multiplying CCD |
| eNpHR | enhanced Natronomonas halorhodopsin |
| eLMO | excitatory luminopsin |
| FZ | furimazine |
| FFz | fluorofurimazine |
| FLuc | firefly luciferase |
| GFP | green fluorescent protein |
| GPCR | G protein-coupled receptor |
| GLuc | Gaussia luciferase |
| GeNL | green nanolantern |
| HispS | hispidin synthase |
| H3H | hispidin-3-hydroxylase |
| HBD | helix bundle domain |
| hAR | human androgen receptor |
| iLID | improved light-induced dimer |
| iLMO | inhibitory LMO |
| LOV | light-oxygen-voltage |
| LMO | luminopsin |
| LuCID | luciferin- and calcium-induced dimerization |
| LiPOP1 | light-induced nonapoptotic tool 1 |
| luminGAVPO | luminescent transcription factor GAVPO |
| MLKL | mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase |
| Mac | Leptosphaeria maculans |
| NanoBiT | NanoLuc binary technology |
| NpHR | Natronomonas halorhodopsin |
| nLuc | nanoluciferase |
| Phy | phytochrome |
| PHR | photolyase-homologous region |
| Rluc | Renilla luciferase |
| RFP | red fluorescent protein |
| SR/ER | sarco/endoplasmic reticulum |
| SPARK2 | Specific protein association tool giving transcriptional readout with rapid kinetics |
| SFLMO | step-function luminopsin |
| sbGLuc | slow burn Gluc |
| slGLuc | super luminescent Gluc |
| TEVcs | tobacco etch virus cleavage site |
| T1D | type 1 diabetes |
| TnC | troponin C domain |
| UCNPs | upconversion nanoparticles |
| VVD | photoreceptor vivid |
| VChR1 | Volvox channelrhodopsin-1 |