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. 2023 Mar 11;24(6):5404. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065404

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The figure illustrates the effects of exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) in counteracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurotoxicity across the lifespan. CD14: cluster of differentiation 14; HPA: hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal; MD2: myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2); TLR4: toll-like receptor 4.