Table 4.

Summary of the therapeutic biomarkers implicated in PTSD.

Therapeutic Biomarker	Findings
Amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex activity	Successful cognitive behavioural therapy was observed to decrease right amygdala activity while increasing right anterior cingulate cortex activity [217].
Cerebral blood flow to the medial temporal cortex	A normalisation of the difference in cerebral blood flow to the medial temporal cortex after EMDR [218].
Amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate activity	The greater activation of the bilateral amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate was associated with poorer response to CBT [219].
Rostral anterior cingulate (rACC) volume	A larger rostral anterior cingulate (rACC) volume was also found in responders to CBT [219].
LL genotype of serotonin transporter gene promoter (5HTTLPR)	A polymorphism in the LL genotype 5HTTLPR was found to be associated with a better response to sertraline [220].
BDNF levels	Lower serum levels of BDNF were associated with a decrease in PTSD symptoms in chronic patients on escitalopram [221].