Figure 6.

Amyloid beta toxicity in brain endothelial cells and astrocytes. (A) Confocal microscope images show the immunofluorescence of ZO-1 protein expression in control cells and amyloid beta (Aβ) (1–42) peptide-treated bEnd.3 cells. (B) Immunoblot analysis of the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin-1, and claudin-5 in bEnd.3 cells harvested from control and amyloid beta (1–42) peptide-treated cells. (C) TEER analysis of resistance measured across transwell membrane with co-culture treated with Aβ peptides and triple co-culture with HT22 cells transfected with pCAX APPswe/ind plasmids. TEER values were compared with untreated control cells seeded on transwells. (D) Immunofluorescence analysis of Aβ and ZO-1 expression in the cerebral cortex region of the control and Aβ (1–42)-injected mice. (E) Western blot images show the protein expression of Aβ, APP, ZO-1, and claudin-5 in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of the control and Aβ-injected mice. All data had a sample size of three (n = 3) and three experimental repeats. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. * p < 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01 and *** p ≤ 0.001.