Table 1.
Relevant general, biochemical, renal and cardiac parameters from control and diabetic rats at the end of the study.
| Control (n = 17) | Diabetes (n = 17) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (g) | 541 [474, 580] | 384 [362, 405] | <0.001 |
| Urine volume (mL) | 8 [7, 13.5] | 150 [129, 172] | <0.001 |
| Glycaemic parameters | |||
| Serum Glucose (mg/dL) | 193 [182.2, 204.8] | 714.4 [682.8, 731.8] | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.0 [4.7, 5.0] | >13 * | <0.001 |
| Plasma AGEs (µg/mL) | 155.8 [99.9, 530.0] | 983.3 [761.6, 1115.5] | <0.001 |
| Plasma sRAGE (ng/mL) | 8.3 [7.2, 9.7] | 5.2 [4.9, 7.0] | 0.003 |
| Urinary Glucose (mg/24 h) | 4.5 [3.42, 6.46] | 15,596.7 [13,680.0, 17077.5] | <0.001 |
| Urinary AGEs (R.U./mg creatinine) | 1393.2 [1241.4, 1659.2] | 2739.7 [2594.3, 3125.0] | <0.001 |
| Urinary sRAGE (ng/mg creatinine) | 2.9 [2.2, 3.7] | 43.88 [36.6, 50.0] | <0.001 |
| Renal parameters | |||
| Kidney weight (mg/100 g BW) | |||
| Right | 248 [237, 257] | 427 [391, 451] | <0.001 |
| Left | 235 [218, 262] | 406 [376, 440] | <0.001 |
| Serum Proteins (g/L) | 61.5 [59.0, 64.8] | 55.5 [54.4, 57.6] | <0.001 |
| Serum Albumin (g/L) | 42 [39.8, 44.1] | 35 [33.6, 36] | <0.001 |
| Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.3 [0.2, 0.3] | 0.3 [0.3, 0.4] | 0.009 |
| Serum Urea (mg/dL) | 25.9 [23.4, 27.6] | 34.3 [31.3, 36.1] | <0.001 |
| Serum Calcium (mg/dL) | 10.1 [9.9, 10.2] | 10.1 [9.7, 10.3] | 0.654 |
| Serum sKlotho (pM) | 364.9 [328.9, 444.2] | 321.3 [292.7, 352.3] | 0.024 |
| Urinary proteins (mg/mg creatinine) | 0.7 [0.7, 0.8] | 1.0 [1.0, 1.2] | <0.001 |
| uACR (mg/g) | 8.6 [7.1, 9.4] | 39.7 [30.1, 47.4] | <0.001 |
| Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 3.1 [2.6, 3.4] | 3.0 [2.7, 3.8] | 0.480 |
| Urinary calcium (mg/mg creatine) | 0.2 [0.22–0.28] | 1.9 [1.6–2.37] | <0.001 |
| Urinary sKlotho (R.U./mg creatinine) | 0.9 [0.7, 1.1] | 3.6 [3.1, 4.5] | <0.001 |
| Cardiac parameters | |||
| Heart weight (mg/100 g BW) | 226 [210, 233] | 242 [230, 255] | 0.006 |
| NT-proBNP (µg/mL) | 269.7 [209.6, 296.1] | 302.1 [286, 334.1] | 0.017 |
* Above the quantification limit. Values are expressed as median [IQR]; Hb1Ac: Glycosylated haemoglobin; AGEs: advanced glycation end products; sRAGE: soluble receptor for AGEs; R.U.: relative units; BW: body weight; uACR: urinary albumin/creatinine ratio; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.