TABLE 2.

Therapeutic effects of galantamine in clinical (human) settings

Disease/condition	Study	Effect
Poliomyelitis	(Revelli & Graso, 1962)	•  Symptomatic relief
Myasthenia gravis	(Uzunov, 1966)	•  Symptomatic relief
Alzheimer’s disease	(Tariot et al., 2000)	•  Significantly improved cognitive, functional, and behavioral symptoms at 16 and 24 mg/day compared with placebo; dose escalation enhances the drug tolerability
	(Wilkinson & Murray, 2001)	•  Significant improvements of Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale, Clinical Global Impression of Change, and Progressive Deterioration Scale scores compared with placebo; well-tolerated at 18 and 24 mg/day with mild, transient effects typical of cholinomimetic agents
	(Kaufer et al., 2005)	•  Decreased caregiver burden
Myocardial Infarction in Alzheimer’s disease	(Nordstrom et al., 2013)	•  Reduced risk of myocardial infarction and death in patients with AD treated with galantamine or other AChEs with stronger correlations with higher doses
Stroke in Alzheimer’s disease	(Lin et al., 2016)	•  Decreased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with dementia without previous ischemic stroke history treated with galantamine or other AChE inhibitors
	(Tan et al., 2018)	•  Reduced risk of ischemic stroke and death in patients with dementia on galantamine and other AChE inhibitors
Type 2 diabetes in Alzheimer’s disease and mix-pathology dementia	(Secnik et al., 2020)	•  Decreased mortality in patients with diabetes and AD or mixed-pathology dementia treated with AChE inhibitors; galantamine and donepezil associated with largest benefits
Parkinson’s disease with dementia	(Aarsland et al., 2003)	•  Improvements of global mental symptoms in most patients (worsening in some); alleviated hallucinations; improved cognitive (clock-drawing) function
	(Liu, Wile, et al., 2018)	•  Improved cognitive functions scores; improved hallucinations, anxiety, sleep disturbance, and apathy; Improvements in gait and decreases in freezing and falls; decreased levels of distress in patients’ relatives and improvements in daily activity
Schizophrenia	(Buchanan et al., 2008)	•  Differential benefits for aspects of processing speed and verbal memory
	(Schubert et al., 2006)	•  Improved memory and attention in patients who are stabilized on risperidone
	(Conley et al., 2009)	•  Benefit on alogia, but not on other negative symptoms
	(Choueiry et al., 2019)	•  in combination with CDP-choline, an α7nAChR agonist, galantamine improved gaiting indices, and improved impaired inhibition of the testing stimulus; suggested α7nAChR -mediated modulation of speech gaiting indices
	(Koola et al., 2020)	•  Alleviated cognitive impairments (a meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials)
Metabolic syndrome	(Consolim-Colombo et al., 2017)	•  Suppressed inflammation (decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines, leptin, increased IL-10 and adiponectin); reduced glucose and insulin levels, and alleviated insulin resistance; Improved heart rate variability
	(Sangaleti et al., 2020)	•  Alleviated oxidative stress
Traumatic brain injury	(Tenovuo, 2005)	•  Alleviated cognitive deficits; improved vigilance
Autism Spectrum Disorders	(Ghaleiha et al., 2014)	•  Improvement in the irritability and Lethargy/Social Withdrawal subscales with no significant difference in side effects compared with placebo
Huntington’s Disease	(Petrikis et al., 2004)	•  Improved motor and psychiatric symptoms
Substance abuse disorders	(Ashare et al., 2016)	•  Suppressed smoking behavior
	(Sugarman et al., 2019)	•  Modest improvement in cognitive outcomes in patients with cannabis use disorder
Lucid dreaming	(LaBerge et al., 2018)	•  Increased frequency in a dose-dependent manner