| AMP | adenosine monophosphate |
| AMPK | adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| HDAC6 | histone deacetylase 6 |
| mTOR | mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| MAFLD | metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease |
| MARK2 | microtubule affinity regulating kinase 2 |
| p38 MAPK | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MFN1 | mitofusin 1 |
| mTORC | mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex |
| NASH | nonalcoholic steatohepatitis |
| NDP52 | nuclear dot protein 52 |
| PARL | presenilin-associated rhomboid-like |
| OMM | outer membrane of mitochondria |
| OPTN | optineurin |
| PINK1 | PTEN-induced kinase 1 |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| TSC2 | tuberous sclerosis protein 2 |
| VDAC1 | voltage-dependent anion channel 1 |
| Ub | ubiquitin |