Figure 2.
Chronic exposure to uremic toxins decreases IKr current density. HEK cells stably expressing the hERG ion channel were exposed to two concentrations of indoxyl sulfate (IS), kynurenine (KYN), and kynurenic acid (KYNA) for 48 h. IKr currents were measured using patch clamp electrophysiology. (A) Patch clamp measurement protocol and example traces of control, 3 µM IS, 3 µM KYN, and 1 µM KYNA as clinically relevant concentrations. (B) Quantification of all measurements visualized in current-voltage curves. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Number of cells = 12–19. * p < 0.05 compared to control.