Table 2.
Characteristics of Studies.
| Study | Characteristics of the Studies | Characteristics of the Participants | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authors and year | Funding | Number of waves | Interval between waves (months) | Sleep variable | Sleep assessment | School-related variable | School-related assessment | Country | % Female | Mean age | Sample size | White/European; Black/African American; Asian; Hispanic (%) |
| Alfonsi et al., 2020 [29] |
n/a | 6 | 1 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | Italy | 52.9 | 14.1 | 51 | n/a |
| Andrade et al., 1993 [44] |
Local funding | 3 | 6 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | Brazil | 48.4 | 13.6 | 66 | n/a |
| Asarnow et al., 2014 [47] |
Multiple funding | 3 | 12–60 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School performance; school schedule | Institution | USA | 55 | 14.8 | 2700 | 61.6; 22.0; 4.2; 7.7 |
| Bao et al., 2018 [27] |
n/a | 2 | 9 | Sleep quality | Subjective | Psychological aspects of school | Self-report | China | 54.8 | 14.9 | 888 | n/a |
| Bauduccco et al., 2015 [48] |
n/a | 2 | 12 | Sleep disturbances | Subjective | Psychological aspects of school | Self-report | Sweden | 48.1 | n/a | 353 | n/a |
| Biller et al., 2021 [49] |
No | 2 | 12 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | Germany | 60 | 15.8 | 33 | n/a |
| Dunbar et al., 2017 [50] |
No | 6 | 6 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School performance; school engagement | Institution | USA | 64.1 | 14.4 | 310 | 22.7; 10.7; 38.0; 24.0 |
| Evers et al., 2020 [24] |
Multiple funding | 2 | 5 | Sleep disturbances | Subjective | School performance; school burnout | Self-report | China | 47.5 | 13.9 | 2283 | n/a |
| Fredriksen et al., 2004 [51] |
Local funding | 3 | 12 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School performance | Self-report | USA | 49.6 | n/a | 2259 | 82.2; 5.4; 3.4; 6.9 |
| Liu et al., 2021 [25] |
Multiple funding | 4 | 6 | Sleep disturbances | Subjective | Psychological aspects of school | Self-report | China | 50.3 | 12.7 | 1226 | n/a |
| Fujimura et al., 2023 [52] |
Multiple funding | 2 | 36 | Sleep quality | Subjective | Psychological aspects of school | Self-report | Japan | 50.1 | 12.2 | 6077 | n/a |
| He et al., 2022 [53] |
National funding | 2 | 12 | Sleep quality | Subjective | Psychological aspects of school | Self-report | China | 39.5 | 12.5 | 1687 | n/a |
| Mitchell et al., 2020 [41] |
Multiple funding | 2 | 12 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Objective | School structure and environment | Self-report | USA | 50 | 13.9 | 84 | 69.0; 25.2; n/a; n/a |
| Patte et al., 2017 [45] |
National funding | 3 | 12 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | Canada | 53.9 | n/a | 7394 | 70.8; 3.3; 4.8; 1.5 |
| Roberts et al., 2002 [54] |
National funding | 2 | 12 | Sleep disturbances | Subjective | Psychological aspects of school | Self-report | USA | 49.2 | n/a | 3136 | 37.0; 34.6; n/a; 23.7 |
| Roberts et al., 2008 [55] |
National funding | 2 | 12 | Sleep disturbances | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | USA | 49.2 | n/a | 3134 | 37.0; 34.6; n/a; 23.7 |
| Roberts et al., 2011 [56] |
National funding | 2 | 12 | Sleep disturbances | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | USA | 49.2 | n/a | 3134 | 37.0; 34.6; n/a; 23.7 |
| Shen et al., 2021 [42] |
National funding | Daily | Daily | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Objective and subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | Australia | 54.1 | 16.9 | 204 | 35.6; n/a; 55.6; n/a |
| Stefansdottir et al., 2020 [43] |
National funding | 2 | 24 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Objective and subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | Iceland | 65.3 | n/a | 145 | n/a |
| Takizawa & Kobayashi, 2022 [57] |
No | 2 | 36 | Sleep duration | Subjective | School performance | Self-report | Japan | 58.3 | n/a | 139 | n/a |
| Thacher et al., 2016 [58] |
n/a | 3 | 6 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | USA | n/a | 16.7 | 372 | n/a |
| Tu et al., 2019 [59] |
National funding | 2 | 10 | Sleep quality | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | USA | 50 | 12 | 123 | 58.5; 35.0; n/a; n/a |
| Yoo, 2020 [46] |
Multiple fundings | 4 | 12 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School structure and environment | Self-report | South Korea | 47 | n/a | 4335 | n/a |
| Vedøy et al., 2021 [60] |
National funding | 3 | 12 | Sleep duration and sleep schedule | Subjective | School performance | Institution | Norway | 54.4 | 13.3 | 552 | n/a |
| Zhang et al., 2022 [61] |
National funding | 2 | 12 | Sleep disturbances | Subjective | School performance | Self-report | China | 50 | 14.6 | 7072 | n/a |