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. 2023 Mar 11;24(6):5378. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065378

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Central autonomic network. Depicted is the neural circuitry controlling SNA during emotional stress. PFC, prefrontal cortex; IC, insular cortex; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; AMY, amygdala; DMH, dorsomedial hypothalamus; PVN, paraventricular nucleus; RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla; CVLM, caudal ventrolateral medulla; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; SPN, sympathetic preganglionic neurons. See text for additional information.