Table 2.
Overview of monosynaptic pathways descending to the spinal cord that influence both second-order sensory neurons and sympathetic preganglionic neurons.
| Structure | Effect(s) on DH Neurons |
Effect(s) on IML Neurons |
References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypothalamus | |||
| Paraventricular nucleus | Inhibition | Inhibition/Excitation | [113,114,115,116] |
| Arcuate nucleus | Inhibition/Facilitation | Inhibition/Excitation | [117,118,119] |
| Parabrachial nucleus | Inhibition | Excitation | [120,121,122] |
| Brainstem | |||
| Nucleus of the solitary tract | Inhibition | Inhibition | [123,124,125,126] |
| Raphe magnus/pallidus | Inhibition/Facilitation | Inhibition/Excitation | [127,128,129,130] |
| Rostroventromedial medulla | Facilitation | Excitation | [131] |
| Locus coeruleus | Inhibition | Inhibition | [132,133,134] |
| Medullary reticular formation | Inhibition/Facilitation | Inhibition/Excitation | [135,136] |
| Cerebral cortex | |||
| Frontal/parietal | Inhibition | Inhibition/Excitation | [137,138,139,140,141,142] |
DH, dorsal horn; IML intermediolateral cell column.