Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics for the control and low emotional apathy (LEA) and high emotional apathy (HEA) patient subgroups1
| Control | LEA | HEA | Group difference (p value) |
Post hoc group comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 27 | 36 | 28 | ||
| Sex (male:female) | 10:17 | 22:14 | 23:5 | 0.003 | |
| Age (yr) | 65.99 ± 7.62 | 64.90 ± 8.02 | 63.04 ± 8.04 | 0.283 | |
| Education (yr) | 13.40 ± 2.72 | 12.60 ± 3.12 | 11.93 ± 3.73 | 0.118 | |
| Clinical diagnosis (bvFTD:AD:SD:PNFA:LPA)2 | . | 12:12:5:5:2 | 21:2:3:1:1 | 0.003 | bvFTD > AD in the HEA group |
| Disease duration (yr) | . | 5.12 ± 2.57 | 6.04 ± 5.19 | 0.668 | |
| FRS Rasch score3 | . | 1.38 ± 1.46 | -0.45 ± 1.51 | <0.001 | LEA > HEA |
| DASS depression [42]4 | 1.04 ± 1.29 | 6.59 ± 7.21 | 11.38 ± 8.94 | <0.001 | Con < LEA, HEA |
| ACE-III total [100]5 | 94.30 ± 3.26 | 78.25 ± 12.31 | 76.43 ± 12.11 | <0.001 | Con > LEA, HEA |
| Emotion perception [42] | 39.00 (3.06) | 34.77 (4.93) | 31.00 (5.08) | <0.001 | Con > LEA > HEA |
| DAS Emotional apathy [24]6 | 7.16 ± 4.01 | 9.94 ± 3.37 | 18.96 ± 3.01 | <0.001 | Con, LEA < HEA |
| DAS Executive apathy [24]6 | 3.68 (3.80) | 11.64 (5.14) | 16.89 (5.34) | <0.001 | Con < LEA < HEA |
| DAS Initiation apathy [24]6 | 7.20 (5.13) | 13.58 (4.83) | 18.00 (3.93) | <0.001 | Con < LEA < HEA |
1Values are mean ± standard deviation. Maximum scores on each measure shown in square brackets.
2bvFTD = behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; SD = semantic dementia; PNFA= progressive nonfluent aphasia; LPA = logopenic progressive aphasia.
3FRS = Frontotemporal dementia Rating Scale.
4DASS = Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; DAS = Dimensional Apathy Scale.
5ACE-III = Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination, Third Edition.
6DAS = Dimensional Apathy Scale.
Missing data: DAS (3 controls), Emotion perception (2 Controls, 6 LEA, 2 HEA).