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. 2023 Mar 28;6:58. doi: 10.1038/s42004-023-00852-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — DNP-enhanced {¹H}-¹³C CPMAS NMR spectra of surface-functionalized CNF with 6-aminohexyl dansyl-amide using a EDC and NHS and b DMTMM as coupling agent. The ¹³C resonance assignment for (a) and (b) is given in the figure. The insets in (a) and (b) show magnified views of the 20–55 ppm and 115–165 ppm regions. Both spectra were normalized with respect to the cellulose signal intensities. Magnification factors for the insets, ×18 for (a) and ×5 for (b), were chosen in order to match the signal intensity for the aromatic dansyl-amine signals.