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. 2023 Mar 28;9:33. doi: 10.1038/s41421-023-00521-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Flow diagram for the identification of PD-L1 subcellular localization in different types of melanomas. b Representative images of IF staining of PD-L1 in UM, CoM and SKCM samples. Scale bars, 25 µm. c Statistical results of the nPD-L1 proportion in UM, CoM and SKCM samples. Data are presented as means ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-tests. d Kaplan–Meier analysis of the recurrence-free survival of nPD-L1-positive and -negative patients. A log-rank test was used to determine the statistical significance between the nPD-L1-positive group (n = 7) and the nPD-L1-negative group (n = 10). e Western blot analysis of cytoplasmic/membrane (C/M) and nuclear (N) fractions of PD-L1 in different types of melanoma cell lines. f IF staining of PD-L1 in different types of melanoma cell lines. Left panel, representative IF staining images. Scale bars, 10 µm. Right panel, colocalization analysis of PD-L1 and DAPI by ImageJ software. g Statistical analysis of nPD-L1 fluorescence intensity (%) in Fig. 1f. n = 20. Data are presented as the means ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-tests.