Table 4.
The incidence of pregnancy complications in the population below or above the optimal GWG was compared.
| A: weeklyGWG:0.43–0.58 (167) | B: weekly GWG < 0.43 or > 0.58 (177) | C: weekly GWG < 0.43 (86) | D: weekly GWG > 0.50 8 (91) | P: A vs B | P: C vs D | P : A vs C | P : A vs D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight (344) | ||||||||
| GH | 9 (5.4%) | 7 (4.0%) | 1 (1.2%) | 6 (6.6%) | 0.528 | 0.064 | 0.102 | 0.693 |
| PE | 18 (10.8%) | 18 (10.2%) | 6 (7.0%) | 12 (13.2%) | 0.854 | 0.172 | 0.328 | 0.564 |
| GDM | 19 (11.4%) | 36 (20.3%) | 24 (27.9%) | 12 (13.2%) | 0.016 | 0.015 | 0.001 | 0.167 |
| PROM | 34 (20.4%) | 37 (20.9%) | 24 (27.9%) | 13 (14.3%) | 0.901 | 0.026 | 0.176 | 0.227 |
| PB < 36w | 58 (34.7%) | 73 (41.2%) | 46 (53.5%) | 27 (29.7%) | 0.060 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.409 |
| FGR | 13 (7.8%) | 12 (6.8%) | 6 (7.0%) | 6 (6.6%) | 0.720 | 0.919 | 0.817 | 0.726 |
| A: weeklyGWG:0.41–0.58 (855) | B: weekly GWG < 0.41 or > 0.58 (1118) | C: weekly GWG < 0.41 (673) | D: weekly GWG > 0.58 (445) | P: A vs B | P: C vs D | P: A vs C | P: A vs D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal weight (1973) | ||||||||
| GH | 27 (3.2%) | 41 (3.4%) | 18 (2.8%) | 23 (5.2%) | 0.539 | 0.030 | 0.579 | 0.074 |
| PE | 120 (14.0%) | 159 (14.2%) | 52 (7.7%) | 107 (24.0%) | 0.906 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| GDM | 183 (21.4%) | 313 (28.0%) | 236 (35.1%) | 77 (17.3%) | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.079 |
| PROM | 165 (19.4%) | 233 (20.8%) | 161 (23.9%) | 72 (16.2%) | 0.397 | 0.001 | 0.028 | 0.167 |
| PB < 36w | 308 (36.0%) | 394 (35.2%) | 279 (41.5%) | 115 (25.8%) | 0.719 | < 0.001 | 0.030 | < 0.001 |
| FGR | 49 (5.7%) | 70 (6.3%) | 47 (7.0%) | 23 (5.2%) | 0.624 | 0.188 | 0.316 | 0.674 |
| A: weeklyGWG: 0.36–0.55 (219) | B: weekly GWG < 0.36 or > 0.55 (256) | C: weekly GWG < 0.36 (135) | D: weekly GWG > 0.55 (121) | P: A vs B | P: C vs D | P: A vs C | P: A vs D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Over weight (475) | ||||||||
| GH | 5 (2.3%) | 10 (3.9%) | 5 (3.7%) | 5 (4.1%) | 0.313 | 0.860 | 0.433 | 0.334 |
| PE | 40 (18.3%) | 54 (21.1%) | 14 (10.4%) | 40 (33.1%) | 0.440 | < 0.001 | 0.045 | 0.002 |
| GDM | 78 (35.6%) | 99 (30.5%) | 63 (46.7%) | 36 (29.8%) | 0.556 | 0.669 | 0.039 | 0.273 |
| PROM | 32 (14.6%) | 54 (21.1%) | 31 (23.0%) | 23 (19.0%) | 0.067 | 0.439 | 0.046 | 0.309 |
| PB < 36w | 34 (15.5%) | 41 (16.0%) | 23 (17.0%) | 18 (14.9%) | 0.884 | 0.638 | 0.707 | 0.847 |
| FGR | 11 (5.0%) | 10 (3.9%) | 7 (5.2%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.555 | 0.265 | 0.946 | 0.258 |
| A: weekly GWG:0.24–0.59 (40) | B: weekly GWG < 0.24 or > 0.5 (25) | C: weekly GWG < 0.24 (12) | D: weekly GWG > 0.59 (13) | P: A vs B | P: C vs D | P: A vs C | P: A vs D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obese (65) | ||||||||
| GH | 6 (15.0%) | 1 (4.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.164 | 0.212 | 0.553 | 0.138 |
| PE | 13 (32.5%) | 6 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (46.2%) | 0.464 | 0.007 | 0.023 | 0.372 |
| GDM | 22 (55.0%) | 10 (40.0%) | 6 (50.0%) | 4 (30.8%) | 0.239 | 0.327 | 0.761 | 0.129 |
| PROM | 8 (20.0%) | 3 (12.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1 (7.7%) | 0.033 | 0.490 | 0.797 | 0.305 |
| PB < 36w | 22 (55.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | 7 (58.3%) | 4 (30.8%) | 0.403 | 0.165 | 0.838 | 0.129 |
| FGR | 4 (10.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.103 | – | 0.254 | 0.236 |
P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
GWG gestational weight gain, GH gestational hypertension, PE preeclampsia, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PROM premature rupture of membranes, PB preterm birth, FGR fetal growth restriction. A represents the women in the optimal GWG range. B represents the women outside the optimal GWG range. C represents the women below the optimal GWG range. D represents the women exceed the optimal GWG range.
Significant values are in [bolditalics].