Table 2.

Relevant intersections between NIDA PhAB domains and major HiTOP dimensions.

NIDA PHAB Domains	HiTOP Dimension	Type of Relationship	Description of Overlap and Key References
Negative Emotionality	Internalizing	Conceptually isomorphic	PhAB and HiTOP describe the same basic phenomena, the experience of negative affect (Latzman et al., 2021; Michelini et al., 2021).
	Antagonistic Externalizing	Overlapping	Antagonistic externalizing contains tendencies towards certain forms of negative affect (i.e., anger, irritability; Krueger et al., 2021). Also, it is associated with emotion dysregulation, which also indicates internalizing.
Executive Function	Disinhibited Externalizing	Conceptually isomorphic	PhAB and HiTOP describe the same basic phenomena (Michelini et al., 2021). In particular, loss of control over use is thought to reflect a critical factor that maintains substance use and addiction. Also, deficits in inhibitory control and attention appear more general to disinhibited externalizing (e.g., Krueger et al., 2021; Michelini et al., 2021).
	Thought Disorder	Overlapping	Disordered thought is associated with deficits in a broad array of higher-order cognitive processes, including attention, cognitive control, perception (i.e., auditory and visual abnormalities), and memory (Michelini et al., 2021).
Reward	Disinhibited Externalizing	Overlapping	Consummatory reward (“liking”) is implicated in early stages of addiction, promoting substance use. As one becomes addicted to a substance, reward shifts from consummatory to anticipatory (“wanting;” Robinson & Berridge, 2001). Also, broader aspects of reward processing are implicated in disinhibited externalizing (both positive and negative associations, depending on the form of disinhibited externalizing; Michelini et al., 2021).
Metacognition	Antagonistic Externalizing	Overlapping	Metacognition pertains to awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings, and antagonistic externalizing includes self-centeredness and the tendency to navigate interpersonal situations in an egocentric manner (Krueger et al., 2021).
Sleep	Internalizing	Overlapping	HiTOP Internalizing is broader than NIDA PhAB Sleep, but sleep problems (i.e., insomnia, lassitude, nightmares; Watson et al., 2021) are directly incorporated into HiTOP’s Internalizing assessment battery (Watson et al., 2021).
Interoception	Not enough evidence at this time.