Fig. 2. Identification of different glycans.

a Superimposed scatter plots and the corresponding I_b/I₀ and dwell time distributions of 3SL-MPB and 6SL-MPB. b Scatter plots and the corresponding I_b/I₀ and dwell time distributions of the equimolar mixture of 3SL-MPB and 6SL-MPB. c The predicted weights of 3SL-MPB against the actual molar ratios in mixtures. d Superimposed scatter plots and the corresponding I_b/I₀ and dwell time distributions of MPB-tagged disaccharide (3SG-MPB), trisaccharide (3SL-MPB), tetrasaccharide (STetra2-MPB), and pentasaccharide (LSTa-MPB). e, Equal frequency binding of the scatter plot from all events of four glycans. f The normalized heat map of 9 features of four glycans. g Evaluation results of five models in terms of F1, Precision, and Recall scores. These scores were the mean values of 10 replicates, each replicate consists of 100 training and test cycles. h Confusion matrix of SVM model from the accumulated prediction result of 4000 test sets after 10 replicates. One training and test cycle includes the prediction result of 4 test sets of feature data for each glycan. i Superimposed scatter plots and the corresponding dwell time distributions of 3S3FL-MPB (red), 6S3FL-MPB (blue), and 6S2FL-MPB (yellow). The characteristic populations were marked with the mean dwell time from Gaussian fit. j Evaluation results of all models. k Confusion matrix of SVM model from the accumulated prediction result of 4000 test sets after 10 replicates. l–o Scatter plots and the corresponding I_b/I₀ distributions of MPB-tagged pentasaccharides (LSTa-MPB, LSTb-MPB, LSTc-MPB, and LSTd-MPB). The sampling rate of m is 100 kHz. All measurements were done in a 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer containing 1 mM EDTA and 1 M KCl with pH 8.0 at +100 mV voltage. Unless otherwise stated, all nanopore data were recorded using a 250 kHz sampling rate with a 5 kHz low-pass filtering. Each scatter plot contains at least 9,000 events. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.